New cytotoxic cembranolides from an Okinawan soft coral, Lobophytum sp.

Three new cembranolides (1-3) were isolated from an Okinawan soft coral, Lobophytum sp., together with the known cembranolide diterpenoids (4-9). Their structures were determined by extensive analysis of spectroscopic data (1D and 2D NMR, IR, and MS), molecular modeling, and comparison with data reported elsewhere. All compounds contain an alpha-methylene-gamma-lactone ring adjacent to a cembrane, and some of them (1, 6-8) have an epoxide ring as well. The new metabolites were evaluated for cytotoxicity against HeLa, A459, B16-F10, and RAW 264.7 cells and anti-inflammatory effect in LPS-stimulated inflammatory RAW 264.7 macrophage cells

A Review on Cucumis sativus L. and its Anti-Ulcer Activity

The term "medicinal plant" refers to a plant that has active components with therapeutic properties and is used to treat disease or illness in various medical systems or conventionally. Every continent uses medicinal plants extensively and successfully. Herbal medicine is an extremely well-known and well-documented technique in Asia. Cucumis sativus L. is a well-known medicinal herb having variety of pharmacological activity. In traditional Unani medicine system this plant is use to cure variety of disease, ulcer is one of them. In this article we have discussed about its anti-ulcer potentiality

DISCRETE TIME PREY-PREDATOR MODEL WITH GENERALIZED HOLLING TYPE INTERACTION

ABSTRACT We have introduced a discrete time prey-predator model with Generalized Holling type interaction. Stability nature of the fixed points of the model are determined analytically. Phase diagrams are drawn after solving the system numerically. Bifurcation analysis is done with respect to various parameters of the system. It is shown that for modeling of non-chaotic prey predator ecological systems with Generalized Holling type interaction may be more useful for better prediction and analysis

Screening of Volatile Constituents of N. sativa on Calcium Depleted Heart Model

The number of deaths from cardiovascular disorders is rising every year. Nigella sativa, one of the accessible natural plants, has a broad range of pharmacological effects. The Nigella sativa seeds were removed, cleaned, and preserved in order to research the effects of the plant on the cardiovascular system. After being ground into a fine powder, the seeds were used to extract the volatile oil from the seeds using the steam distillation process. The hypodynamic model was used after the rat\u27s heart was removed. Using the standard kreb\u27s hanselet salt solution to mount the isolated heart, a typical graph was produced. As the calcium concentration was reduced, the graph\u27s negative tropic activity became apparent. When N. sativa was administered it has produced additional negative tropic effect on hypodynamic heart. At 0.1 ml produced negative tropic effect and keeps on decreasing as the dose increases by 0.2, 0.4, 0.8ml in dose dependent manner

Herbal Agents Having Abortive Activity

The goal of our study is to increase public awareness of natural contraceptives and their powerful advantages over surgical abortion in order to provide people with an alternative method of ending an unwanted or unplanned pregnancy rather than the dreaded surgical procedure. Since ancient times, traditional remedies have been used all across the world to control fertility. Still, the tribal community mostly relies on these herbs for contraception and to cause abortions. The belief in therapeutic approaches has not been diminished despite the tremendous advancement of allopathic treatment because of its negative side effects.  Plants and herbs have been used to induce abortions, although there is very little published information on the most regularly used ones. The grail of this paper is to detail the herbal products used to cause abortion

Preclinical Evaluation of Tropic Activity on Isolated Frog Heart by Using Volatile Oil of Nigella sativa Seeds

The lifestyle of people has changed over the time. Before the revolution days, people suffered from various diseases and the availability of medicines were not available. Today’s life is busier. Healthcare system has improved a lot but at the same time the number of people getting affected by different sources is still on a rise. The number one cause of death worldwide is due to heart diseases. The death rates due to cardiovascular disease increased. In order to improve the health conditions, there is a continuous development of synthetic and herbal medicines. Recently, rise in the use of herbal medicines have due to its natural origins and less side effects. One of the emerging herbs is Nigella sativa described as the remedy of all diseases. The tropic activity of the extracted volatile oil from Nigella sativa is observed on the isolated frog’s heart. The heart was isolated from the frog and was treated with adrenaline and acetylcholine to study its activity respectively. The isolated heart was also treated with the volatile oil of Nigella sativa seeds which produced dose dependent bradycardia like situation followed by cardiac arrest

Evaluation of the Effect of Tagetes erecta Leaves Hydroalcoholic Extract on Blood Clotting Time

People were afflicted with a variety of illnesses prior to the revolution, and there was no access to medications sufficiently, at that time herbal agents fulfilled the demand for medications. In these modern days due to the huge side effects as well as drug resistance of marketed drugs, the demand for herbal medicines is increasing. We are all busy in our lives these days, we are traveling here and there to maintain our social duties. Due to this, the number of accidents is increasing around us. When a blood vessel is injured, blood clotting, or coagulation, is a crucial process that reduces excessive bleeding. So, the drugs that are able to reduce clotting time are essential for us. In this research we evaluated the blood clotting effect of two different doses (250mg/kg and 500mg/kg) of Tagetes erecta leaves hydroalcoholic extract on the albino wistar rat, and compared the effect with a marketed standard drug Tranexamic Acid (Pause 500 mg)

Herbs Having Analgesic Activity

Healthcare maintains a high priority on pain management, and research to develop safer and more potent analgesics is ongoing. Natural goods, especially plants, have recently attracted renewed interest as potential sources of analgesic medications. In this study, various techniques are used to measure pain. The rich source of analgesics found in medicinal plants includes Moringa oleifera, Aloe barbadensis, Curcuma longa, Eugenia caryophyllata, Adhatoda vasica, Mentha piperita, Ocimum sanctum, Zingiber officinale, Lavandula angustifolia, Epilobium angustifolium, Dialium guineense, Sida acuta, Stylosanthes fruticose, Bougainvilla spectabilis, Ficus glomerata, Polyalithia longifolia, Calotropis gigantea, Tinospora cordifolia, Ageratina glabrata, Mangifera indica, Peperomia pellucida, Jatropha gossypifolia, Leonotis leonurus, Mimosa rubicaulis, Cussonia paniculate, Biebersteinia multifida, Alternanthera sessislis, Mentha arvensis, Oroxylum indicum, Tamarindus indica, Cucurbita maxima, Cucumis sativus, Emblica officinalis, Angiopteris evecta, Parastrephia lephidophylla, Peperomia pellucida, Scoparia dulcis, Ficus racemose, Eremostachys laciniata, Phlogacanthus thyrsiflorus, Kigelia pinnata, Molineria capitulate, Manihot esculenta, Ficus religiosa, Dalbergia sissoo, Grangea maderaspatana, Nothospondias staudtii, Rhodiola rosea, Juniperus communis, Erythrina variegate etc. The results reported in this review paper represent scientific knowledge that may be applied in the future to isolate potentially active molecules from some of these medicinal plants

Exploration of Endophytic Fungi and Their Bioactive Potential Isolated from the Medicinal Plant Adhatoda vasica

Background and objective: The plants with pharmacological potential host potential endophytic fungi having metabolic interaction. Adhatoda vasica Nees, a well-reputed medicinal plant in Asia, has very few investigations on the plant's endophytic fungi available. This study reports the isolation, identification, and bioactive potential determination of the endophytes from the leaf and stem of the plant growing in Bangladesh. Methods: A protocol for fungus isolation was followed, including the significant steps: sample collection, surface sterilization, cultivation, preliminary selection, and purification. The fungal species were identified by morphological and molecular features, and then, small-scale cultivation followed solvent treatment (chloroform) to extract secondary metabolites. The extract's cytotoxic, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activities were determined by brine shrimp lethality bioassay, disc diffusion method, and DPPH free radical scavenging activity, respectively. Results: Eight endophytic fungi were isolated and identified: four Fusarium sp., two Colletotrichum sp., one Phacidiopycnis sp., one Lasiodiplodia sp. Genome sequence confirmed two novel fungi from the plant: Fusarium solani (OR414980) and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (OR420097). In bioactivity testing, the fungi from the stem exhibited better activity than the leaf fungi. Among the eight fungi, Lasiodiplodia sp. showed the highest and most significant potential in each bioactivity test. Its extract (100 µg/disc) was approximately 80% susceptible against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and a fungus A. flavus compared to references (30 µg/disc). The fungus's LC50 (4 h) was 0.45 µg/mL, whereas vincristin sulfate showed nearly half.  Conclusion: The study recorded uncommon fungi of four genera from A. vasica; some showed remarkable bioactivity

New Casbane and Cembrane Diterpenoids from an Okinawan Soft Coral, Lobophytum sp.

A new rare casbane-type diterpenoid 1 and two new cembrane diterpenoids 2, 3 were isolated from an Okinawan soft coral, Lobophytum sp., together with four known cembrane diterpenoids 4–7. Their structures were elucidated by extensive analysis of spectroscopic data (1D and 2D NMR, IR, and MS) and a molecular modeling study. The new isolates showed weak anti-bacterial activity, mild cytotoxicity against HCT116 cells, and anti-inflammatory effect in LPS/IFN-γ-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells